Showing posts with label Insurance. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Insurance. Show all posts

Saturday, March 27, 2010

Consensual Crimes - Not Actual Crimes

While numerous violent criminals and white-collar criminals roam free, and innocent people rot in prison and on death row for crimes they didn't commit, law-enforcement resources are used to destroy the lives of consenting adults who do not harm anyone. One article I ready suggested that approximately four million people are arrested each year and 350,000 are in prison for consensual crimes.

I am considering a "consensual crime" to be defined as a criminal act committed by two or more people, who consent to involvement, and does not involve any non-consenting individuals. The following is a non-exclusive list of criminal acts that could be considered consensual between the parties: prostitution, adultery, homosexual conduct, sodomy, gambling, some drug use (marijuana), and assisted suicide.

Another name for these sort of "crimes" may be victimless crimes, because they do not harm anyone as they have no impact on a person other than those who chose to engage in the activity. Thus, there is no victim.

When people are arrested for those crimes, their ability to remain employed is jeopardized. A conviction and prison sentence virtually guarantees the loss of their livelihoods. Upon release from prison, the criminal record may impede their ability to find new jobs.

Even if they are not convicted of a crime, the arrest record alone can significantly harm their lives. It too can lead to loss of jobs and difficulty finding new ones, and it may interfere with other aspects of their lives, such as the ability to obtain credit, purchase a car, rent an apartment, maintain custody of children or to vote.

Thus, the financial impact of either a conviction or arrest may mean these people need long-term assistance from government or charities. Or they may resort to serious crime based on what they learned from real criminals while incarcerated. This is all a huge drain on the economy and is in addition to the costs of arresting, prosecuting, and imprisoning them.

To avoid conviction and prison, the accused may have to spend thousands of dollars on legal fees. For certain crimes, the amounts can run to tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars. When faced with the possibility of causing financial ruin to themselves and their families, some contemplate suicide and may see it as the only way out. If this is the action the accused takes, that impacts society from the loss of productivity, and more importantly, it impacts the family and friends of the accused.

Government causes all this turmoil in the lives of consenting adults to "protect" them from possible consequences that might occur to them - and them alone - from their own freely chosen acts.

Because these arrests devastate the lives of harmless people, a strong argument can be made that Christian mercy, along with the mercy taught by other religions and philosophies, is reason enough for leaving consenting adults alone, but the irony rarely seen is that often it is in the name of Christian principles that these laws exist or are pursued....

Law-enforcement resources are wasted investigating consensual acts

Government's focus on consensual acts leads to more unethical conduct in another way. To the extent law-enforcement resources are used against consenting adults, there is a corresponding reduction in the resources available for apprehending criminals that pose a true threat to society-those criminals who would cause harm to others and only seek to benefit themselves.

An enormous need exists to increase efforts to arrest those who harm the innocent. They victimize someone every two seconds in the United States, and five out of six Americans may someday be victims of violent crime. According to author Peter McWilliams, arrests are being made for only about 20% of crimes committed against persons or property. He also says one in six murderers gets away, eight of ten burglars aren't arrested, and only 5% of forcible rapes lead to prison time.

McWilliams further reports that $10 billion in personal property is stolen each year and never recovered. Billions more are illicitly obtained through white-collar crime. Even if the person is not harmed, if the victim files an insurance claim or takes action to recover damages, this alone ties up resources and takes resources from the economy, causing an impact that was definitely undesired.

Using law-enforcement resources against consensual acts also makes the U.S. more vulnerable to terrorism. According to The 9/11 Commission Report, in 2000 there were twice as many FBI agents assigned to enforcing drug laws than assigned to counterterrorism. The FBI's head of counterterrorism told the Commission he wishes he'd had "500 analysts looking at Osama Bin Ladin . . . instead of two." And former Vice President Al Gore charged that prior to the September 11 attacks, the Bush administration's Justice Department had more FBI agents investigating a suspected brothel in New Orleans than monitoring Bin Ladin and al Qaeda.

There obviously is a strong need for law enforcement to improve its responses to real crimes committed against persons or property. Yet each year in the U.S., law enforcement applies some $50 billion to arrest, prosecute, and lock up persons who commit consensual crimes. Some estimates are that roughly half of all law-enforcement resources are used in connection with consensual crimes.

Those resources could go a long way toward remedying the current deficiencies in law enforcement's handling of more serious crimes. Due to this misallocation of resources, many violent and sociopathic criminals are able to escape justice and continue preying on the public. The same principle applies to white-collar criminals who may never be detected... lest we forget the Enron and WorldCom scandals.

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Thursday, March 25, 2010

Biological Causes of Breathalyzer Error

Police officers and prosecuting attorneys would like for everyone to believe in the infallibility and reliability of breathalyzer machines. If breath test machines were truly 100% accurate, convicting or exonerating suspected DWI offenders would be fairly easy; simply compare an individual's readings to the accepted legal limit.

But despite the claims of prosecutors and policemen, the same science used to design the breathalyzer also shows that any number of biological factors can cause erroneous readings. If you are arrested for DWI, an adverse breath test result is not the end of the line.

The "Partition Ratio"

The "partition ratio" is a comparison of the alcohol in blood and the corresponding amount of alcohol carried on the breath. Most breathalyzers operate using a 2100 to 1 partition ratio; i.e., the assumption that there is 2100 times as much alcohol in one milliliter (ml) of a person's blood as there is in one ml of the same person's breath.

However, studies show that, while the majority of the population may have partition ratios close to the 2100 to 1 ratio assumed by breathalyzers, this ratio is not constant, and fluctuates even within the same individual over time. Furthermore, documented partition ratios in normal human beings range from 1300:1 to 3100:1, meaning that there could be significant disparities between an individual's results and his/her actual blood alcohol content.

Hematocrit and Breathalyzer Error

A person's hematocrit (HCT) is a measurement of how much of his/her blood volume is composed of red blood cells. Because red blood cells are the oxygen-carrying cells in the blood, they affect the rate at which blood alcohol leaks into the air through alveoli in the lungs.

Though some breath test machines are calibrated for an average 46% hematocrit, such a number is not representative of the natural variations found across the population. In fact, the spread of possible hematocrit percentages is usually considered to be as large as 10%. A person with a hematocrit at the lower end of this range would receive falsely elevated test results.

The Result?

Some studies have shown that, in calculating an individual's true blood alcohol concentration (BAC), breathalyzers can be 'off the mark' by as much as 15%. Furthermore, nearly 1 in 4 people receive breath test results higher than their actual BAC - hardly meeting the standard of "beyond a reasonable doubt."

For more information, visit the website of Austin DWI attorneys Morales & Navarrete at http://www.dwi-lawyers-austin.com.

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Austin DWI Attorney - Top 5 Firms in Austin

1-Dunham & Rogers: With an experience of more than 20 years, attorneys at Dunham & Rogers know fully well how to defend and win DWI cases. Another good thing about this law firm is that the fees are not too high and you can easily afford it.

2-Law Office of EG Morris: Texas Board of Legal Specialization has recently awarded EG Morris the designation of Criminal Law Specialist. In addition, he has also earned the prestigious AV rating from the Martindale Hubbell legal directory. With team members also been highly qualified, Law Office of EG Morris is a perfect DWI attorney firm for your DWI case. Customer service is also top class at Law Office of EG Morris.

3-KUHN, DOYLE, & KUHN: KUHN, DOYLE, & KUHN is an Austin based law firm that specializes in DWI. The best part about this law firm is that they do not charge any sort of consultation fee.

4-Ben Florey Law Offices: Unlike many law firms where individual attention is not given to the clients, Ben Florey Law offices give their clients individual attention, which is quite critical in handling of DWI cases.

5-IAN INGLIS Attorney at Law: Certified as criminal law specialist by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, Ian Inglis has an experience of more than 25 years in handling DWI cases. When you take the services of Ian Inglis, he will arrange an administrative license revocation hearing for you, which means that you are not going to loose your driving license.

DWI attorneys try their best to ensure their clients receive the minimum penalty possible but it is upto the client to be positive and generally truthful in their dealings with the attorney.

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Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Challenging the Breath Test in Court

A breathalyzer or breath test result showing a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) over the legal limit can be one of the most damaging pieces of evidence in the context of a driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI) trial. Though damaging, however, breathalyzer evidence is not ironclad. A variety of factors may cause false or inaccurate readings, allowing DWI defense lawyers to challenge their reliability in court.

Common ways to dispute breathalyzer test results include:

Calibration Error

Like any machine, breathalyzers degrade and become less sensitive over time. Proper calibration is needed to ensure that results are accurate. Evidence that a machine was not properly adjusted and/or maintained may discredit its results.

Operator Qualifications

In most states, strict laws are in place to regulate the operation and maintenance of breath test machines. Because these devices are very sensitive, operators must be properly trained to adapt to different environmental, biological, and physical circumstances. A test administered by an untrained police officer may produce inaccurate or unreliable readings.

Absorption Defense

The absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream takes time. By some estimates, it may take up to two hours for consumed alcohol to reach equilibrium distribution throughout the body. Breathalyzer tests administered during this period can produce inaccurate results, since alcohol content is inconsistent in different areas of the body. Furthermore, if alcohol has not yet been absorbed into the bloodstream, it does not contribute to a person's level of intoxication.

Biological Variables

Breath test results are based on a standard mathematical formula which relates the amount of alcohol on a person's breath with the amount of alcohol present in their bloodstream. This formula, however, only applies when all biological variables conform to its standards. The ratio of breath alcohol to blood alcohol varies between individuals and over time; variations in body temperature can also affect results.

Summary

All in all, there are many ways in which breathalyzer tests can produce inaccurate or misleading results, leading to situations where defendants can and should challenge this evidence in court. To learn more about how breath tests are administered and how they respond to outside interference, visit the website of Austin DWI lawyers Morales & Navarrete at http://www.dwi-lawyers-austin.com.

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Tuesday, March 23, 2010

Differences Between DUI and DWI

If you are arrested for drunk driving, there are a few things that you need to understand about your case. People can commonly confuse DUI and DWI but there is a definite difference between the two of them. If you are involved in a case such as this, you should consider contacting your Austin Jail Release Lawyers as soon as possible so they can begin working on your case immediately.

Both DUI and DWI are acronyms for other sets of words which are driving while intoxicated and driving under the influence. DWI or driving while intoxicated is the more severe of the two types of charges that you could receive. A DWI means that you are above the legal intoxication limit. This means that when the police pull you over, they will most likely give you some type of breathalyzer test in order to measure your BAC. BAC or Blood Alcohol Concentration is the amount of blood to alcohol you have in your system at the moment that you take the test. The legal BAC in the state of Texas is .08%. If you are above this BAC then you are considered legally drunk by the state of Texas and will be arrested if you are pulled over and tested. If you are arrested for a DWI, your license is automatically suspended because you are driving while over the legal limit in Texas.

Once you are taken in to jail and booked, you will have a bail hearing to determine what the amount of your bail will be. If you haven't had any prior criminal history, then they could possibly let you off with a lower bail or on your word that you will come back to appear in court. If you have had a prior criminal background or are considered a flight risk then they will probably give you a higher sentence depending on the situation and circumstances. They will also assign you a trial date that you will be required to appear.

If it is your first DWI offense, then they will usually give you a fine as well as alcohol awareness classes that you need to take in a certain amount of time. Sometimes they will even add some type of community service hours that you are required to do. If you have already had a previous DWI, the fines and possibly even jail time can be more severe for your punishment.

A DUI is slightly different than the DWI because of the specific details of each of the cases. A DUI or driving under the influence means that you are arrested for drunk driving. Although you had been drinking, a DUI means that you were technically under the legal limit for the state of Texas which is .08%. If you were officially under the legal limit, then the police will not suspend your license because you were not legally intoxicated. Although this is different, the punishments and trial process is all still the same. If you are arrested on your first, you will have a less severe punishment than if it's your 2nd or more DUI.

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Biological Causes of Breathalyzer Error

Police officers and prosecuting attorneys would like for everyone to believe in the infallibility and reliability of breathalyzer machines. If breath test machines were truly 100% accurate, convicting or exonerating suspected DWI offenders would be fairly easy; simply compare an individual's readings to the accepted legal limit.

But despite the claims of prosecutors and policemen, the same science used to design the breathalyzer also shows that any number of biological factors can cause erroneous readings. If you are arrested for DWI, an adverse breath test result is not the end of the line.

The "Partition Ratio"

The "partition ratio" is a comparison of the alcohol in blood and the corresponding amount of alcohol carried on the breath. Most breathalyzers operate using a 2100 to 1 partition ratio; i.e., the assumption that there is 2100 times as much alcohol in one milliliter (ml) of a person's blood as there is in one ml of the same person's breath.

However, studies show that, while the majority of the population may have partition ratios close to the 2100 to 1 ratio assumed by breathalyzers, this ratio is not constant, and fluctuates even within the same individual over time. Furthermore, documented partition ratios in normal human beings range from 1300:1 to 3100:1, meaning that there could be significant disparities between an individual's results and his/her actual blood alcohol content.

Hematocrit and Breathalyzer Error

A person's hematocrit (HCT) is a measurement of how much of his/her blood volume is composed of red blood cells. Because red blood cells are the oxygen-carrying cells in the blood, they affect the rate at which blood alcohol leaks into the air through alveoli in the lungs.

Though some breath test machines are calibrated for an average 46% hematocrit, such a number is not representative of the natural variations found across the population. In fact, the spread of possible hematocrit percentages is usually considered to be as large as 10%. A person with a hematocrit at the lower end of this range would receive falsely elevated test results.

The Result?

Some studies have shown that, in calculating an individual's true blood alcohol concentration (BAC), breathalyzers can be 'off the mark' by as much as 15%. Furthermore, nearly 1 in 4 people receive breath test results higher than their actual BAC - hardly meeting the standard of "beyond a reasonable doubt."

For more information, visit the website of Austin DWI attorneys Morales & Navarrete at http://www.dwi-lawyers-austin.com.

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Saturday, March 13, 2010

DWI Convictions and Insurance Rates - A Negative Relationship

We all know that when we are given a speeding ticket or get into a car accident our insurance rates will go up. A DWI or DUI conviction works in the same way except has a larger effect on the rates a person is charged. An individual that is convicted of a DWI or DUI can expect their pocketbook to take a hard hit from insurance rates, on top of the fines and penalties imposed by the state.

Before an individual that has been convicted of a DWI can get his or her license back, the driver is required to show an SR-22 form. This is not a type of insurance as much as proof that a driver has the various types of insurance required by the state. The SR-22 is filed by an insurance company and states that the driver in question has auto liability insurance and it is in effect. This procedure is frequently required when insurance is provided to an individual who was in an accident or was convicted of a traffic offense and was unable to show financial responsibility at the time of the offense.

The majority of auto insurance carriers will be able to provide an SR-22 form and may be able to insure your vehicle(s) as well. Unfortunately, the minute a person requests an SR-22 form, he or she is considered a high-risk driver by the insurance companies. Considering that this form is required after a traffic offense conviction, this might not be completely off the mark.

Once an individual is a high-risk driver, he or she can expect the insurance premiums paid to possibly double, maybe even triple. If a person had previous discounts for a safe driving record and no claims on their insurance, the increase in insurance premiums can be even worse.

An individual who has been convicted of a DWI or DUI (the term depends on the state) may find it quite beneficial to shop around for the best rates possible. There are a variety of insurance companies that specialize in providing high-risk policies. Another option is to insure one vehicle on a high-risk policy and put all other vehicles and drivers on a different policy.

It is important to remember that not all insurance companies will provide insurance after a DWI conviction and they will not provide the SR-22 form. When a driver is convicted of a DWI, if the insurance company does not provide SR-22 forms, there is a good chance that the company will cancel or not renew the convicted driver's current policy. A cancellation on a person's claims history will drive up the price of future premiums.

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